Anxiety Disorders

Agoraphobia

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Anxiety Disorders: Symptom, Treatment,  Medication and Causes

Anxiety disorders are a heterogeneous group of psychiatric disorders with no clear knowledge of their aetiology and pathogenesis. Several familial, biological, and genetic risk factors have been invoked for the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or the panic disorder (PD), but to date none has shown a main role in their aetiology.

The observation that some pharmacological treatments substantially modify the prognosis of affected patients may be one of the main proofs of the role of biological factors in the development of these illnesses. Additional support for the biological hypothesis derives from neuroradiological images (NMR), PET allowed physicians to isolate specific anomalies in some OCD patients and PD patients. Furthermore, the presence of secondary cases in families of probands affected with anxiety disorders suggests the existence of a familial component and probably a genetically transmissible basis for specific liabilities.

The genetic basis of anxiety disorders may be further confirmed by studies of twins. Moreover, molecular biology today allows testing specific genetic hypotheses derived from clinical or neuro-imaging fields. With the aim of presenting a detailed and clear over-view of the genetic components of anxiety disorders and potential development of this idea we will discuss different anxiety disorders and their genetic background.

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