Panic Disorder

Panic Attack

Panic Disorder

Recurrent Panic Attacks

Anticipatory Anxiety

Agoraphobia

Hypochondriasis

Demoralisation

Epidemiology

Age of Onset

Situation of Onset

Stressful Life Events

Early Life Events

Maternal Over-Protection

Separation Anxiety

Short and Long-term Outcomes

Comorbidity

Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis

Biological Findings

Provocative Agents

Neurotransmitter Systems

Neuroanatomical Models

Brain Imaging

Psychological Models

Psychodynamic Models

Behavioural Models

Cognitive Models

Areas of Controversy and Debate

The Evolutionary Perspective

Panic Disorder: Treatment

Pharmacotherapy

Benzodiazepines

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors

Other Drugs

Psychotherapy

Overcoming Anxiety (Home) > Panic Disorder > Biological Findings

Biological Findings for Panic Disorder

The principal research approaches when investigating possible biological mechanisms underlying PD are laboratory studies using provocative agents and pharmacological and neurochemical studies aimed at understanding the neurotransmitter systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD, and proposing neuroanatomical models.

• Provocative Agents
• Neurotransmitter Systems
• Neuroanatomical Models
• Brain Imaging

	More Articles
1. Neuroanatomical Models Neuroanatomical Models Gray proposed the earliest neuroanatomical model for anxiety. Such a model outlines a septohippocampal brain circuit and identifies behavioural inhibition as one [...]
2. Azapirones Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Azapirones Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Although the buspirone spectrum is not as broad as the BDZs, buspirone has been shown [...]
3. Origins of Cognitive Biases The Origins of Cognitive Biases It is interesting to speculate about the origins of cognitive biases. For example, is it possible to link [...]
4. Treating Stress and Anxiety Treating Stress and Anxiety Stress is an Emotional Problem While Anxiety is a Psychiatric One A situation or thought that makes a person frustrated, angry [...]

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