Panic Disorder

Panic Attack

Panic Disorder

Recurrent Panic Attacks

Anticipatory Anxiety

Agoraphobia

Hypochondriasis

Demoralisation

Epidemiology

Age of Onset

Situation of Onset

Stressful Life Events

Early Life Events

Maternal Over-Protection

Separation Anxiety

Short and Long-term Outcomes

Comorbidity

Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis

Biological Findings

Provocative Agents

Neurotransmitter Systems

Neuroanatomical Models

Brain Imaging

Psychological Models

Psychodynamic Models

Behavioural Models

Cognitive Models

Areas of Controversy and Debate

The Evolutionary Perspective

Panic Disorder: Treatment

Pharmacotherapy

Benzodiazepines

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors

Other Drugs

Psychotherapy

Overcoming Anxiety (Home) > Panic Disorder > Biological Findings

Biological Findings for Panic Disorder

The principal research approaches when investigating possible biological mechanisms underlying PD are laboratory studies using provocative agents and pharmacological and neurochemical studies aimed at understanding the neurotransmitter systems involved in the pathogenesis of PD, and proposing neuroanatomical models.

• Provocative Agents
• Neurotransmitter Systems
• Neuroanatomical Models
• Brain Imaging

	More Articles
1. Panic Disorder Drugs Drugs Treatment for Panic Disorder There have also been studies of other drug treatments (non-antidepressant and non-BDZ), with limited controlled double-blind studies [...]
2. Age of Onset of Social Phobia:Age Anxiety Disorders Age of Onset of Social Phobia: Anxiety Disorders The onset of social phobia generally occurs early in childhood or in adolescence, [...]
3. OCD and Other Anxiety Disorders OCD and Other Anxiety Disorders Despite the DSM-IV classification of OCD as an anxiety disorder, there are some important differences between OCD and other anxiety [...]
4. Immune Factors Immune Factors Study of autoimmune factors has been prompted by the association of OCD and the autoimmune disease of the basal ganglia, Sydenham’s chorea. This [...]

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