Panic Disorder

Panic Attack

Panic Disorder

Recurrent Panic Attacks

Anticipatory Anxiety

Agoraphobia

Hypochondriasis

Demoralisation

Epidemiology

Age of Onset

Situation of Onset

Stressful Life Events

Early Life Events

Maternal Over-Protection

Separation Anxiety

Short and Long-term Outcomes

Comorbidity

Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis

Biological Findings

Provocative Agents

Neurotransmitter Systems

Neuroanatomical Models

Brain Imaging

Psychological Models

Psychodynamic Models

Behavioural Models

Cognitive Models

Areas of Controversy and Debate

The Evolutionary Perspective

Panic Disorder: Treatment

Pharmacotherapy

Benzodiazepines

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors

Other Drugs

Psychotherapy

Overcoming Anxiety (Home) > Panic Disorder > Psychological Models

Psychological Models

Psychodynamic, behavioural and cognitive psychological models of panic disorder have been formulated.

• Psychodynamic Models
• Behavioural Models
• Cognitive Models

	More Articles
1. Provocative Agents Provocative Agents Intravenous infusion of sodium lactate 0.5–1M has been reported to reliably induce panic attacks in PD patients . Twenty minutes inhalation of air containing 5% CO2 [...]
2. Psychosocial Factors for OCD Psychosocial Factors for OCD The dynamic aspects of OCD were first described by Sigmund Freud, who coined the term ‘‘obsessional neurosis’’. [...]
3. Pharmacological Challenges for OCD Pharmacological Challenges for OCD Additional evidence for the pathogenesis of the serotonergic system in OCD was provided by challenge studies. Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms can be induced specifically [...]
4. Treatment for Specific Phobias Treatment for Specific Phobias Surveys have shown time and time again that only a small minority of people with specific phobias ever seek [...]

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